§ 165.05 Definitions

In the interpretation and application of this Ordinance, use the following rules and definitions:

A. Rules

1. Words used or defined in one tense or form shall include other tenses and derivatives.

2. The word “shall or must” is mandatory.

3. The word “may” is permissive.

4. The word “ordinance” means City of Tiffin Ordinances.

5. The word “Code of Iowa” means the State Code of Iowa.

6. The word “person” includes individuals, firms, corporatioin, associations, and any other similar entitites.

7. The word “county” means the County of Johnson, Iowa.

8. The word “city” means the City of Tiffin.

9. The words “city council” means the City Council of Tiffin, Iowa.

10. The word “State” means the State of Iowa.

11. In case of any differences of meaning or implication between the text of this Ordinance and any caption or illustration, the text shall control.

B. Definitions

Accessory Building, Structure, or Use: A use or structure subordinate to the principal use of a building or land on the same lot and serving a purpose customarily incidental to the use of the principal building or use of land.

Agriculture: The use of land for any of the following purposes:

• raising, breeding, or management of livestock, poultry, fish, or honeybees;

• dairies, truck gardening, forestry, nurseries, or orchards;

• non-commercial on-farm storage or processing of agricultural products; or

• any similar agricultural, horticultural, silvacultural, or aquacultural use.

No farms may operate for the disposal of garbage, sewage, rubbish, or offal. Nor does this definition allow rendering plants for the slaughtering of animals, except to the extent that animals raised on the premises or maintained on the premises are used by residents of the agricultural use.

Alley: Any dedicated public way affording a secondary means of vehicular access to abutting property and not intended for general traffic circulation.

Alterations, Structural: Any change in the supporting members of a building such as bearing walls, columns, beams, or girders.

Apartment: A room or suite of rooms used as the dwelling of a family, including bath and culinary accommodations, located in a building where there are a multiple of these units.

Balcony: An unroofed platform, unenclosed except by a railing, which projects from the outer wall of any building above ground level with or without support other than the building.

Basement: The portion of a building that lies partly below grade but that has more than one-half its height above the average grade of the adjoining ground. For the purpose of this Ordinance, a basement is not considered a “story” unless designed or used for habitable space or business purposes.

Bed and Breakfast: Any single-family or multi-family dwelling unit used for overnight or temporary lodging that consists of one to five units and that may provide meals.

Board of Adjustment: The Board of Adjustment is described in Iowa Code § 414.7. This Ordinance may refer to it as “the Board”.

Boarding House is a building, other than a hotel or motel, that provides meals and lodging for three or more persons for pay.

Building: Any structure designed or built for the support, enclosure, shelter, or protection of persons, animals, or property.

Building Envelope is the area of a lot that remains after the minimum yard setbacks, height requirements, and open space requirements of this Ordinance are met.

Building, Height of: The vertical distance from the grade to:

ƒ the highest point of the coping of a flat roof; or ƒ the deck line of a mansard roof; or ƒ the average height level between eaves and ridge for gable, hip, and gambrel roofs.

Building Line: A line formed by the face of the building, and for the purposes of this Ordinance, a minimum building line is the same as a front setback line.

Building, Main or Principal: is a building that houses the principal use of the lot where the building stands.

Cellar is the portion of a building that has half or more of its clear height below the grade plane. A cellar is not habitable and is not counted as a story.

Communications Tower: A metal structure that is used primarily as a communication antenna or that is used primarily for the commercial transmittal of radio, television, radar, or microwaves. Non-commercial towers 50 feet or less in height are not communication towers.

Communication Tower Height: The distance between the base of a tower and the top of the highest appurtenance mounted on the tower. Towers in excess of 40 feet must not exceed the overall height recommended by the FAA and FCC.

Comprehensive Land Use Plan is the general plan for the development of the community. It may also be called the master plan, comprehensive plan, land use plan, or some other title. The Tiffin City Council adopts a “Comprehensive Land Use Plan”. A “Comprehensive Land Use Plan” includes any amendments to the Plan.

Conditional Use: A “special exception” is the same as a “conditional use” in this Ordinance.

Day Care Facility is a facility where six or more children stay for part of the day for care and instruction. A “Day Care Facility” must be licensed by the State of Iowa. The term “Day Care Facility” includes, by way of example, the following descriptions: nursery schools, childcare centers, day nurseries, kindergartens, preschools, and playgroups. The term but does not include kindergartens or nursery schools operated by public or private school systems.

Deck is covered or uncovered platform area projecting from the wall of a building, accessible at or from above grade and attached to the ground.

Dwelling is any building or portion of a building that is intended for residential purposes. The building must have an outside dimension of not less than 20 feet wide by 30 feet long, not counting any exterior garage.

Dwelling, Single-Family: A building designed with accommodations for exclusive occupancy by one family or individual.

Dwelling, Two-Family: A building designed for occupancy by two families or two individuals living independently of each other.

Dwelling, Multiple or Multi-Family: A building designed for occupation by more than two families or individuals living independently of each other.

Family is a group of individuals not necessarily related by blood, marriage, adoption, or guardianship that live together in a dwelling unit as a single housekeeping unit and maintain a common housekeeping management plan based on an intentionally structured relationship that provides organization and stability.

Family Group Care Home: A community-based residential home that is licensed as a residential care facility under Iowa Code Chapter 135C or as a child foster care facility under Iowa Code Chapter 237. The care home provides room and board, personal care, habitation services, and supervision in a family environment for not more than eight developmentally disabled persons and any necessary support personnel. The term does not mean an “individual foster care home” licensed under Iowa Code Chapter 237.

Farm is an area of not less than ten acres that is used for growing farm products such as vegetables, fruits, and grain, and for raising farm poultry and farm animals, and uses ancillary to those functions, including storage.

Fee: An amount charged by the City to cover the cost of various City services. The City Council sets fees by resolution.

Fence: A freestanding structure intended to provide privacy, prevent escape or intrusion, or to redirect a person’s direction of travel. A fence may be constructed of posts, wire, boards, stone, or any standard building materials.

Feedlot, Commercial: A confined area where 500 or more cattle, swine, sheep, or 30,000 or more fowl are housed, penned, and fed.

Flood Plain: Lands that are subject to a one percent or greater chance of flooding in any given year as established by FEMA or Corps of Engineers guidelines.

Floor Area: The total area of all floors of a building as measured to the outside surfaces of exterior walls and not including halls, stairways, elevator shafts, attached garages, porches, and balconies.

Frontage: All the property on one side of a street between two intersection streets (crossing or terminating), measured along the line of the street, or if the street is dead ended, then all of the property abutting on one side between an intersecting street and the dead end or the street.

Garage, Private is an accessory building used for the storage of not more than four motor vehicles owned and used by the occupants of the buildings to which it is accessory.

Garage, Public: A building or portion thereof other than a private or storage garage, intended for equipping, servicing, repairing, hiring, selling, or storing motor vehicles.

Garage, Storage: Any portion of a building intended for term storage of motor vehicles and where motor fuels and oils are not sold nor are motor vehicles repaired, hired, or sold.

Garden Shed: An accessory structure of not more than 140 square feet in area and eight feet in height intended primarily for storage.

Grade: The average level of the finished surface of the ground adjacent to the exterior walls of the building, except when any wall approximately parallels and is not more than five feet from a street line, then the elevation of the street serves as grade.

Home Occupation: Any occupation or activity carried on within a dwelling unit or accessory building by a member of the family residing at the home. The occupation or activity must be secondary to the residential occupancy and not change its residential character.

Hotel is a residential building licensed by the State used principally as a place of lodging for guests. Hotels may provide meals.

Junk or Salvage Yard: Any enclosed or fenced area where waste or salvaged materials are handled, including automobiles or other machinery, house wrecking yards, used lumber yards, or structural steel materials and equipment. This definition does not include areas where the activities occur entirely within a completely enclosed building.

Kennel: is an establishment where small animals are bred, raised, trained, groomed, and boarded for commercial purposes.

Loading Space is an off-street space within the main building or on the same lot, providing for the standing, loading, or unloading of commercial vehicles, having a minimum dimension of 12 feet by 35 feet and a vertical clearance of at least 14 feet.

Long-term Care Facility: A long-term care unit of a hospital, a licensed hospice program, a foster group home, a group living arrangement, or a facility licensed under Iowa Code §135C.1 whether the facility is public or private.

Lot: A tract, plot, or portion of a subdivision or other parcel of land intended to serve as a unit of taxation and lawful transfer.

Lot, Corner: A lot or parcel of land abutting upon two or more streets at their intersection or upon two parts of the same street forming an interior angle of less than 135 degrees.

Lot, Depth of: The average horizontal distance between the front and rear lot lines.

Lot, Double Frontage is a lot that fronts upon two parallel streets or two streets that do not intersect at the boundaries of the lot.

Lot, Interior: A lot other than a corner lot.

Lot, Merged: Two or more contiguous lots, in single ownership, that individually do not conform to zoning ordinance bulk standards and on which an “Affidavit of Explanatory of Title” has been filed in the office of the Recorder of Johnson County, Iowa.

Lot Lines: The lines bounding a lot.

Lot Line, Front: In the case of an interior lot, that line separating the lot from the street. In the case of a corner lot, or double frontage lot, “front lot line” means that line separating the lot from that street that is designated as the front street in the plat and in the application for a zoning compliance permit.

Lot Line, Rear is the lot line opposite and most distant from the front lot line. In the case of a lot pointed at the rear or triangular shaped, the rear lot line is an imaginary line parallel to the front lot line not less than ten feet long farthest from the lot line and wholly within the lot.

Lot Line, Side: Any lot line other than the front lot line or rear lot line. A side lot line separating a lot from a street is a side-street lot line. A side lot line separating a lot from another lot or lots is an interior side lot line.

Lot Width: The width of a lot measured at the building line and at right angles to its depth where the minimum building line or setback intersects the side lot lines.

Lot, Reversed Corner: A corner lot, the rear of which abuts the side of another lot.

Main Building: A building in which is conducted the principal use of the lot upon which it is situated.

Main Use is the principal use to which the premises are devoted.

Manufactured Home: A factory-built dwelling that is manufactured or constructed under the authority of 42 U.S.C. Section 5403, Federal Manufactured Home Construction and Safety Standards. To qualify as a manufactured home under this ordinance it must not be constructed with a permanent hitch or other device allowing it to be moved, other than for the purpose of moving to a permanent site, and it must not have permanent wheels or axles. A mobile home constructed to the Federal Manufactured Home Construction and Safety Standards is not a manufactured home unless it has been converted to real property and is taxed as a site built dwelling as is provided in Iowa Code Chapter 427A. For the purpose of any of these regulations, manufactured homes are the same as a single-family detached dwelling.

Mobile Home: A vehicle without motor power intended for use as a conveyance upon the public ways. The mobile home must be duly licensed as such, and constructed in such a manner as will permit occupancy for human habitation, including sleeping quarters. A mobile home must be towed or transported by another vehicle. This definition also includes mobile homes that are located on a permanent or temporary foundation.

Mobile Home Park is any area of land where two or more occupied mobile homes are located either free of charge or for revenue purposes. Structures ancillary to mobile homes may be located in a mobile home park.

Mobile Home Converted to Real Estate: A mobile home that meets the provisions of Iowa Code §435.26.

Motel: Any building that provides lodging for transient occupancy and where each unit has convenient access to a parking space for the use by the unit’s occupants.

Nonconforming Building is a building that does not conform to the provisions of this Ordinance establishing requirements for the district where it is located.

Nonconforming Use is a use that does not conform to the use regulations of the district where it is located.

Nursing Home: An institution that provides nursing or convalescent care for persons unrelated to the licensee. A nursing home is a home for chronic or convalescent patients who do not usually require hospital facilities. A nursing home provides care for persons who need continuing medical and skilled nursing care. For the purpose of this Ordinance, a “nursing home” is also considered a “convalescent home”. To meet the definition of this Ordinance, the institution must be licensed by the State.

Open Space: The land area of a site not covered by buildings, right-of-ways, parking structures, or accessory buildings, except recreational structures, and which is available to the public. “Open Space” does not include school sites and commercial areas.

Parking Spaces: A surfaced area either enclosed or unenclosed, having an area of not less than 180 square feet exclusive of driveways, and not including that area directly in front of a single width garage, permanently reserved for the temporary storage of one vehicle and connected with a street or alley by a surfaced driveway that affords satisfactory ingress and egress for vehicles.

Plan: See Community Development Plan

Planned Area Development: A zoning designation intended to promote innovative, designed developments involving residential and nonresidential land uses, which together form an attractive and harmonious unit of the community. The area may be able to function as an individual community, neighborhood, or mixed-use development that requires flexibility because of unique circumstances or design characteristics. (See Section 3 PAD)

Planning and Zoning Commission is appointed by the City Council to review and recommend proposed applications for zoning and proposed changes to the ordinance, as well as to review subdivisions. The Commission is also known as the “P&Z” or “Commission”.

Principal Use is the main use of land or structures as distinguished from accessory use. For example, a house is a principal use in a residential area; a garage or pool is an accessory use.

Private: In reference to a building, structure, utility, facility, or use, “private” means owned by someone other than a unit of government, or an agency of government, unless the context clearly indicates that “private” is being used in a broader sense of something not open or available to the general populace.

Public: In reference to a building, structure, utility, facility, or use, “public” means owned and/or operated by a unit of government or an agency thereof, unless the context clearly indicates that “public” is being used in the broader sense of something available to the general populace.

Setback: The distance required to obtain the front, side, or rear yard open space provisions of this Ordinance. All measurements are taken from the structure’s foundation or from the exterior wall at grade level.

Public Information Sign: A directional or informational guide or aid erected by a public agency or by private persons and not intended primarily for advertising.

Sexually-Oriented Businesses: An establishment, including bookstores, bars, restaurants, movie theaters, and arcades where films are shown, or videotapes, magazines, books, or other printed matters are sold, or live performances take place, that are characterized by an emphasis upon the depiction or exposure of “specified sexual activities” or “specified anatomical areas” as defined below. Massage parlors where services are not administered by a licensed practitioner, chiropractor, acupuncturist, therapist, or similar person licensed by the State are also included in this definition.

1) Specified Sexual Activities: Patently offensive acts, exhibitions, representations, depictions or descriptions of: 1) human genitals in a state of sexual stimulation or arousal; 2) fondling or other erotic touching of human genitals, pubic region, buttocks or female breast; 3) intrusion, however slight, actual or stimulated by an object, any part of an animal’s body or any part of a person’s body into the genital or anal openings of a person’s body; 4) cunnilingus, fellatio, analingus, masturbation, bestiality, lewd exhibition of genitals or excretory function, actual or simulated; 5)

flagellation, mutilation, or torture, actual or simulated; 5) flagellation, mutilation, or torture, actual or simulated in a sexual context.

2) Specified anatomical areas: Less than completely and opaquely covered human genital, pubic region, buttocks, and a female breast below a pint above the areola; and human male genitals in a discernibly turgid state— even if completely and opaquely covered. See Ordinance No. 2001-255, Regulating the Operation of Sexually-Oriented Businesses

Sign: Any structure, or part thereof, or device attached thereto or painted, or represented thereon, which must display or include any letter, word, model, banner, flag, pennant, insignia, device or representation intended as an announcement, direction, or advertisement. The definition of “sign” includes the word “billboard” for purposes of this Ordinance.

Story: That portion of a building, other than a basement not having over 50 percent of its height below grade, included between the surface of the floor next above it or, if there is no floor above it, then the space between the floor and the ceiling next above it.

Story, Half is a partial story under a gable, hip, or gambrel roof, the wall plates of which on at least two opposite exterior walls are not more than three feet above the floor of the story, except that any partial story used for residence purposes, other than for janitor or caretaker and family, or by a family occupying the floor immediately below it, is deemed a full story.

Street: Public property, not an alley, intended for motor vehicle use. In appropriate context, the term “street” may refer to the right-of-way bounded by the property lines of public property, or it may refer to the paving installed within such right-of-way.

Structure: Anything constructed or erected that requires a permanent location on the ground, including that includes by way of example the following: advertising signs, billboards, backstops for tennis courts, gazebos, ground-based satellite dishes, and solar collectors.

Travel Trailer or Motor Home: A vehicle with or without motive power used or so manufactured or constructed as to permit its being used as a conveyance upon the public streets and highways and so designed to permit the vehicle to be used as a place of human habitation by one or more persons. The vehicle may be up to eight feet in width and any length provided its length does not exceed 40 feet. If the vehicle is used as a place of human habitation for more than 90 days in any 18-month period, it is classed as a mobile home, regardless of the size and weight limitation provided herein.

Trailer Camp or Tourist Camp Ground: An area providing spaces for two or more travel trailers, camping trailers, or tent sites for temporary occupancy, with necessary incidental services, sanitation, and recreation facilities to serve the traveling public.

Variance is a modification of the literal provisions of this Ordinance that would cause undue hardship owing to circumstances unique to the individual property on which the variance is granted. The crucial points of variance are (a) undue hardship, (b) unique circumstances and (c) applying to property. The authority to grant variances vests in the Board of Adjustment pursuant to Iowa Code Chapter

Yard is an open space between a building and the adjoining lot lines unoccupied and unobstructed by any portion of a structure. In measuring a yard to determine the width of a side yard, the depth of a front yard, or the depth of the rear yard, use the minimum horizontal distance between the lot lines and the main building line.

Yard, Front: A front yard extends across the front of a lot and is measured by the minimum horizontal distance between the street or place line and the main building other than uncovered steps. On corner lots, the front yard is parallel to the street upon which the lot has its least dimension, except where owner elects to front his building on a street parallel to the lot line having the greater dimension.

Yard, Rear: A rear yard extends across the rear of a lot and is the required minimum horizontal distance between the rear lot line and the rear of the main building line other than uncovered steps. In all lots, the rear yard is in the rear of the front yard.

Yard, Side: A yard between the main building line and the side line of the lot, and extending from the required front yard to the required rear yard, and being the minimum horizontal distance between a side lot line and the side of the main building line or any projections of uncovered steps.

Zero Lot Line Dwelling: A single-family dwelling that adjoins another single-family dwelling on an adjacent lot and that shares a common boundary line and a common wall with the adjoining single-family dwelling. Each such dwelling must have separate utility services.

AND THE OFFICIAL ZONING MAP

For the purpose of this Ordinance, the following terms have the meaning indicated in this Section.

Sign is any identification, description, illustration, or device illuminated or non-illuminated that is visible from any public place or is located on private property and exposed to the public. A sign directs attention to a referent. A sign includes any emblem, painting, banner, pennant, placard, temporary sign, lights, balloons or other device designed to attract attention, advertise, identify, or convey information. A sign includes its supporting structures.

Sign, Advertising: A sign that advertises or solicits for a referent that is not located on the premises where such sign is located, or within the building to which the sign is affixed.

Sign, Business: A sign that directs attention to a commercial use and the sign is located on or in the building where the commercial use is located.

Sign, Construction is any sign identifying individuals or companies involved in a construction project where the sign is placed on the premises while the project is ongoing.

Sign, Flashing is any illuminated sign where the artificial light or lights are not maintained stationary or constant in intensity and color at all times when such sign is illuminated. A sign that displays the time, temperature, or other written message by intermittent lighting is not a flashing sign; such a sign requires a Special Use Permit.

Sign Face: The surface area of a plane that covers a sign when viewed from one side or direction. When more than one sign is located on the same sign structure or building and is separated by less than five feet, the sign face includes the total surface area of the plane that covers all signs when viewed from a single direction. The total sign face area must not exceed the restrictions for Maximum Sign Size Per Sign Face as presented in Table 1 of this Sign Regulations Section of the Ordinance.

Sign Area is the area of the smallest square or rectangle that encloses the sign face, or if a sign has more than one (1) face, the total area of all faces. Trim, molding, supports, or screening that does not serve to attract attention is not included in the sign area calculation. Peripheral sign elements that serve to attract attention to the sign, such as lights and arrows, intended to focus special attention to the sign, are included in the sign area calculations.

Sign, Ground is any sign or other advertising structure placed upon the ground and not attached to any building.

Sign, Illuminated is a sign where the lighting source is a integral part of the sign.

Sign, Indirectly Illuminated: A sign where the source of illumination is outside of the sign, but where the source of illumination indirectly illuminates the sign.

Sign, Instructional is any sign that notifies the public about limitations or regulations of designated uses of certain lands or rights-of-way, and including warning signs, exit signs, traffic signs, and directional signs for parking or parking restrictions.

Sign, Moving is any sign that revolves, rotates, swings, undulates, or otherwise attracts attention by moving parts, whether operated by mechanical equipment or by natural sources, but not including flags or banners.

Sign, Portable is any sign not permanently attached to the ground, a building, or other permanent structure. Any sign that has wheels will be considered a portable sign, as well as any sign attached to a frame that is not permanently attached to the ground or a building.

Sign, Projecting is any sign that is attached to a building or other structure and extends beyond the line of the building or structure by more than 18 inches.

Sign, Roof is any sign erected, constructed, and maintained upon or over the roof or top of the wall, wall tower, or turret of any building and that is principally supported by the roof.

Sign Structure is any structure that supports a sign, including a decorative cover.

Sign, Temporary is any sign, banner, pennant, valance, or advertising display that is not permanent, constructed of cloth, canvas, lightweight fabric, cardboard, wallboard, or other lightweight materials with or without frames, intended to be displayed for a short period of time only.

Sign, Wall: is any sign attached to and supported by the exterior surface of the wall of a building or structure in a place substantially parallel to that of the supporting wall.

Street Frontage is the lot line or the length of a lot line that is also the line of any public street right-of-way other than an alley. The street frontage of a lot or parcel that is legally created or described as extending to the center line of a street must be measured along the line that denotes the edge or boundary of the easement established for the street. The street must exist or have been created for street purposes and may be a limited access or controlled access roadway but is not be a utility right-of-way, drainage way, park, or railroad, and is not an alley.

Parking Spaces: A surfaced area, enclosed in the main building or in an accessory building, or unenclosed, having an area of not less than 180 square feet exclusive of driveways, and not including the area directly in front of a single width garage, permanently reserved for the temporary storage of one vehicle and connected with a street or alley by a surfaced driveway that affords satisfactory ingress and egress for vehicles.

Loading Space: An off-street space within the main building or on the same lot, providing for the standing, loading, or unloading of commercial vehicles, having a minimum dimension of 12 feet by 35 feet and a vertical clearance of at least 14 feet.

Canopy: Any overhanging shelter or shade or other protective structure constructed in such a manner as to allow pedestrians or vehicles to pass underneath.

Cutoff: The point at which all light rays emitted by a lamp, light source, or luminary are completely eliminated (cutoff) at a specific angle above the ground.

Cutoff Angle: The angle formed by a line drawn from the direction of light rays at the light source and a line perpendicular to the ground from the light source, above which no light is emitted.

Exterior Lighting: The illumination of an outside area or object by any man-made device that produces light by any means.

Fixture: The assembly that houses the lamp or lamps and can include all or some of the following parts: a housing, a mounting bracket or pole socket, a lamp holder, a ballast, a reflector or mirror, and/or a refractor or lens.

Flood or Spot Light: Any light fixture or lamp that incorporates a reflector or a refractor to concentrate the light output into a directed beam in a particular direction.

Foot candle (FC): A unit of illumination produced on a surface, all points of that are one (1) foot from a uniform point source of one (1) standard candle.

Foot candle - Horizontal Measurement (HFC): The measurement of foot candles utilizing a direct reading, portable light meter mounted in the horizontal position.

Foot candle - Vertical Measurement (VFC): The measurement of foot candles utilizing a direct reading, portable light meter mounted in the vertical position.

Glare: Light emitting from a luminaire with an intensity great enough to reduce a viewers' ability to see, cause discomfort and, in extreme cases, cause momentary blindness.

Height of Luminary (including total eight): The height of a luminary is the vertical distance from the ground directly below the centerline of the luminary to the lowest direct-light-emitting part of the luminary. The total height is the height of the pole, including the base and any mounting arms or other attachments where the luminary is attached, as measured from the ground directly below the highest part of the pole or any of its attachments, to the top of the pole or luminary, whichever the case may be.

Illumination System: The totality of the equipment installed to provide exterior lighting on a developed property. The illumination system includes all building, canopy, pole and ground mounted luminaries including all wiring, circuitry, and other devices installed to create exterior lighting.

Lamp: The component of a luminary that produces the actual light.

Lamp wattage: The amount of power of a lamp expressed in watts.

Light: Direct: light emitted directly from the lamp, off a reflector or reflector diffuser, or through the refractor or diffuser lens of a luminary.

Light, Indirect: Direct light that has been reflected or has scattered off of other surfaces.

Light Loss Factor: A factor applied to lamps, which estimates the lumen output of a lamp sometime after installation. (For example, a lamp with an initial lumen rating of 10,000, which has a light loss factor of 0.7, is estimated to put out 7,000 lumens. A lamp with an initial lumen rating of 10,000, which has a light loss factor of 1.0, is estimated to put out 10,000 lumens.)

Light Trespass: The shining of light produced by luminaries beyond the boundaries of the property on that it is located.

Lumen: A unit of luminous flux. One foot-candle is one lumen per square foot. For the purpose of this Section, the lumen value is the initial lumen output rating of a lamp.

Luminaries: A complete lighting unit consisting of a light source and all necessary mechanical, electrical, and decorative parts.

Luminaries, Cutoff Type: A luminaries containing elements such as shields, reflectors, or refractor panels that direct and cutoff a direct view of the light source at a cutoff angle.

Operating Hours: The period of time from one hour prior to opening to one hour after closing of a non-residential establishment.

Security Hours: The period of time from one hour after closing to one hour prior to opening of a non-residential establishment.

Temporary Exterior Lighting: The specific illumination of an outside area or object by any man-made device that produces light by any means, consistent with the requirement for Temporary Uses.

For purposes of this chapter the following terms are defined:

1. Words beginning with “A”

A. “Accessory Building” “Structure” or “Use” means a use or structure subordinate to the principal use of a building or land on the same lot and serving a purpose customarily incidental to the use of the principal building or use of land.

B. “Advertising sign” means a sign that advertises or solicits for a referent that is not located on the premises where such sign is located, or within the building to which the sign is affixed.

C. “Agriculture” means the use of land for any of the following purposes:

(1) Raising, breeding, or management of livestock, poultry, fish, or honeybees;

(2) Dairies, truck gardening, forestry, nurseries, or orchards;

(3) Non-commercial on-farm storage or processing of agricultural products; or

(4) Any similar agricultural, horticultural, silvacultural, or aquacultural use. No farms may operate for the disposal of garbage, sewage, rubbish, or offal. Nor does this definition allow rendering plants for the slaughtering of animals, except to the extent that animals raised on the premises or maintained on the premises are used by residents of the agricultural use.

D. “Alley” means any dedicated public way affording a secondary means of vehicular access to abutting property and not intended for general traffic circulation.

E. “Alterations, Structural” means any change in the supporting members of a building such as bearing walls, columns, beams, or girders.

F. “Apartment” means a room or suite of rooms used as the dwelling of a family, including bath and culinary accommodations, located in a building where there are a multiple of these units.

2. Words beginning with “B”

A. “Balcony” means an unroofed platform, unenclosed except by a railing, which projects from the outer wall of any building above ground level with or without support other than the building.

B. “Basement” means that the portion of a building that lies partly below grade but has less than one-half its height above the average grade of the adjoining ground and is below the first story in a building.

C. “Bed and breakfast” means any single-family or multi-family dwelling unit used for overnight or temporary lodging that consists of one to five units and that may provide meals.

D. “Board of Adjustment” means the Board of Adjustment as described in Section 165.27.

E. “Boarding house” means a building, other than a hotel or motel, that provides meals and lodging for three or more persons for pay.

F. “Building” means any structure designed or built for the support, enclosure, shelter, or protection of persons, animals, or property.

G. “Building envelope” means the area of a lot that remains after the minimum yard setbacks, height requirements, and open space requirements of this Zoning Code are met.

H. “Building, Height of” means the vertical distance from the grade to:

(1) The highest point of the coping of a flat roof; or

(2) The deck line of a mansard roof; or

(3) The average height level between eaves and ridge for gable, hip, and gambrel roofs.

I. “Building line” means a line formed by the face of the building, and for the purposes of this Zoning Code, a minimum building line is the same as a front setback line.

J. “Building, main” or “Principal” means a building that houses the principal use of the lot where the building stands.

3. Words beginning with “C”

A. “Canopy” means any overhanging shelter or shade or other protective structure constructed in such a manner as to allow pedestrians or vehicles to pass underneath.

B. “Cellar” means the portion of a building that has half or more of its clear height below the grade plane. A cellar is not habitable and is not counted as a story.

C. “Communications tower” means a metal structure that is used primarily as a communication antenna or that is used primarily for the commercial transmittal of radio, television, radar, or microwaves. Non-commercial towers 50 feet or less in height are not communication towers.

D. “Communication tower height” means the distance between the base of a tower and the top of the highest appurtenance mounted on the tower. Towers in excess of 40 feet must not exceed the overall height recommended by the FAA and FCC.

E. “Comprehensive land use plan” means the general plan for the development of the community. It may also be called the master plan, comprehensive plan, land use plan, or some other title. The Council adopts a “Comprehensive Land Use Plan.” A “Comprehensive Land Use Plan” includes any amendments to the Plan.

F. “Conditional use” means a “special exception” is the same as a “conditional use” in this Zoning Code.

G. “Consumer fireworks” means those fireworks as defined in Chapter 727 of the Code of Iowa and includes first-class consumer fireworks and second-class fireworks as defined by this Code.

H. “Cutoff” means the point at which all light rays emitted by a lamp, light source, or luminary are completely eliminated (cutoff) at a specific angle above the ground.

I. “Cutoff angle” means the angle formed by a line drawn from the direction of light rays at the light source and a line perpendicular to the ground from the light source, above which no light is emitted.

4. Words beginning with “D”

A. “Day care facility” means a facility where seven or more children stay for part of the day for care and instruction. A day care facility must be licensed by the State. The term day care facility includes, by way of example, the following: nursery schools, childcare centers, day nurseries, kindergartens, preschools, and playgroups. The term does not include kindergartens or nursery schools operated by public or private school systems.

B. “Deck” means a covered or uncovered platform area projecting from the wall of a building, accessible at or from above grade and attached to the ground.

C. “Dwelling” means any building or portion of a building that is intended for residential purposes. The building must have an outside dimension of not less than 20 feet wide by 30 feet long, not counting any exterior garage.

D. “Dwelling, single-family” means a building designed with accommodations for exclusive occupancy by one family or individual.

E. “Dwelling, two-family” means a building designed for occupancy by two families or two individuals living independently of each other.

F. “Dwelling, multiple or multi-family” means a building designed for occupation by more than two families or individuals living independently of each other.

5. Words beginning with “E”

A. “Exterior lighting” means the illumination of an outside area or object by any man-made device that produces light by any means.

6. Words beginning with “F”

A. “Family” means a group of individuals not necessarily related by blood, marriage, adoption, or guardianship that live together in a dwelling unit as a single housekeeping unit and maintain a common housekeeping management plan based on an intentionally structured relationship that provides organization and stability.

B. “Family group care home” means a community-based residential home that is licensed as a residential care facility under Chapter 135C of the Code of Iowa or as a child foster care facility under Chapter 237 of the Code of Iowa. The care home provides room and board, personal care, habitation services, and supervision in a family environment for not more than eight developmentally disabled persons and any necessary support personnel. The term does not mean an “individual foster care home” licensed under Chapter 237 of the Code of Iowa.

C. “Farm” means an area of not less than 10 acres that is used for growing farm products such as vegetables, fruits, and grain, and for raising farm poultry and farm animals, and uses ancillary to those functions, including storage.

D. “Fee” means an amount charged by the City to cover the cost of various City services. The Council sets fees by resolution.

E. “Fence” means a freestanding structure intended to provide privacy, prevent escape or intrusion, or to redirect a person’s direction of travel. A fence may be constructed of posts, wire, boards, stone, or any standard building materials.

F. “Feedlot, commercial” means a confined area where 500 or more cattle, swine, sheep, or 30,000 or more fowl are housed, penned, and fed.

G. “First-class consumer fireworks” means fireworks as described in American Pyrotechnics Association Standards 87-1, Chapter 3, including the following:

(1) Aerial shell kits and reloadable tubes.

(2) Chasers.

(3) Helicopters and aerial spinners.

(4) Firecrackers.

(5) Mine and shell devices.

(6) Missile-type rockets.

(7) Roman candles.

(8) Sky rockets and bottle rockets.

(9) Multiple tube devices under this definition that are manufactured in accordance with American Pyrotechnics Association Standard APA 87-1, Section 3.5.

(Code of Iowa, Sec. 727.2)

H. “First story” means the story of the building which is in reasonable close proximity to the grade at the front of the building.

I. “Fixture” means the assembly that houses the lamp or lamps and can include all or some of the following parts: a housing, a mounting bracket or pole socket, a lamp holder, a ballast, a reflector, or mirror, or a refractor or lens.

J. “Flood” or “Spotlight” means any light fixture or lamp that incorporates a reflector or a refractor to concentrate the light output into a directed beam in a particular direction.

K. “Floodplain” means lands that are subject to a one percent or greater chance of flooding in any given year as established by FEMA or Corps of Engineers guidelines.

L. “Floor area” means the total area of all floors of a building as measured to the outside surfaces of exterior walls and not including halls, stairways, elevator shafts, attached garages, porches, and balconies.

M. “Foot candle” or “FC” means a unit of illumination produced on a surface, all points of that are one foot from a uniform point source of one standard candle.

N. “Foot candle - Horizontal measurement” or “HFC” means the measurement of foot candles utilizing a direct reading, portable light meter mounted in the horizontal position.

O. Foot candle - Vertical measurement” or “VFC” means the measurement of foot candles utilizing a direct reading, portable light meter mounted in the vertical position.

P. “Frontage” means all the property on one side of a street between two intersection streets (crossing or terminating), measured along the line of the street, or if the street is dead ended, then all of the property abutting on one side between an intersecting street and the dead end or the street.

Q. “Front of the building” means the side of the building which faces the street on which it is addressed.

7. Words beginning with “G”

A. “Garage, private” means an accessory building used for the storage of not more than four motor vehicles owned and used by the occupants of the buildings to which it is accessory.

B. “Garage, public” means a building or portion thereof other than a private or storage garage, intended for equipping, servicing, repairing, hiring, selling, or storing motor vehicles.

C. “Garage, storage” means any portion of a building intended for term storage of motor vehicles and where motor fuels and oils are not sold nor are motor vehicles repaired, hired, or sold.

D. “Garden shed” means an accessory structure of not more than 140 square feet in area and eight feet in height intended primarily for storage.

E. “Glare” means light emitting from a luminaire with an intensity great enough to reduce a viewers' ability to see, cause discomfort and, in extreme cases, cause momentary blindness.

F. “Grade” means the average level of the finished surface of the ground adjacent to the exterior walls of the building, except when any wall approximately parallels and is not more than five feet from a street line, then the elevation of the street serves as grade.

8. Words beginning with “H”

A. “Habitable space” means a space in a building for living, sleeping, eating, or cooking. Storage rooms, utility rooms, garages, and similar spaces are not considered habitable spaces.

B. “Hard surface” means surfaced and maintained with asphalt, concrete, brick, or chip seal.

C. “Height of luminary” (including total eight) means the height of a luminary is the vertical distance from the ground directly below the centerline of the luminary to the lowest direct-light-emitting part of the luminary. The total height is the height of the pole, including the base and any mounting arms or other attachments where the luminary is attached, as measured from the ground directly below the highest part of the pole or any of its attachments, to the top of the pole or luminary, whichever the case may be.

D. “Home Occupation” means a business, profession, occupation, or trade conducted entirely within a residential building or a building accessory thereto, which is incidental and secondary to the use of such property for dwelling purposes and which does not change the essential residential character of such property.

E. “Hotel” means a residential building licensed by the State used principally as a place of lodging for guests. Hotels may provide meals.

9. Words beginning with “I”

A. “Illumination system” means the totality of the equipment installed to provide exterior lighting on a developed property. The illumination system includes all building, canopy, pole, and ground mounted luminaries including all wiring, circuitry, and other devices installed to create exterior lighting.

10. Words beginning with “J”

A. “Junk” or “Salvage yard” means any enclosed or fenced area where waste or salvaged materials are handled, including automobiles or other machinery, house wrecking yards, used lumber yards, or structural steel materials and equipment. This definition does not include areas where the activities occur entirely within a completely enclosed building.

11. Words beginning with “K”

A. “Kennel” means an establishment where small animals are bred, raised, trained, groomed, and boarded for commercial purposes.

12. Words beginning with “L”

A. “Lamp” means the component of a luminary that produces the actual light.

B. “Lamp wattage” means the amount of power of a lamp expressed in watts.

C. “Light, direct” means light emitted directly from the lamp, off a reflector or reflector diffuser, or through the refractor or diffuser lens of a luminary.

D. “Light, indirect” means direct light that has been reflected or has scattered off of other surfaces.

E. “Light loss factor” means a factor applied to lamps, which estimates the lumen output of a lamp sometime after installation. (For example, a lamp with an initial lumen rating of 10,000, which has a light loss factor of 0.7, is estimated to put out 7,000 lumens. A lamp with an initial lumen rating of 10,000, which has a light loss factor of 1.0, is estimated to put out 10,000 lumens.)

F. “Light trespass” means the shining of light produced by luminaries beyond the boundaries of the property on which it is located.

G. “Loading space” means an off-street space within the main building or on the same lot, providing for the standing, loading, or unloading of commercial vehicles, having a minimum dimension of 12 feet by 35 feet and a vertical clearance of at least 14 feet.

H. “Long-term care facility” means a long-term care unit of a hospital, a licensed hospice program, a foster group home, a group living arrangement, or a facility licensed under Chapter 135C.1 of the Code of Iowa whether the facility is public or private.

I. “Lot” means a tract, plot, or portion of a subdivision or other parcel of land intended to serve as a unit of taxation and lawful transfer.

(1) “Lot, corner” means a lot or parcel of land abutting upon two or more streets at their intersection or upon two parts of the same street forming an interior angle of less than 135 degrees.

(2) “Lot, depth of” means the average horizontal distance between the front and rear lot lines.

(3) “Lot, double frontage” means a lot that fronts upon two parallel streets or two streets that do not intersect at the boundaries of the lot.

(4) “Lot, interior” means a lot other than a corner lot.

(5) “Lot, merged” means two or more contiguous lots, in single ownership, that individually do not conform to the Zoning Code bulk standards and on which an “Affidavit of Explanatory of Title” has been filed in the office of the County Recorder.

(6) “Lot lines” means the lines bounding a lot.

(7) “Lot line, front” means in the case of an interior lot, that line separating the lot from the street. In the case of a corner lot, or double frontage lot, “front lot line” means that line separating the lot from that street that is designated as the front street in the plat and in the application for a zoning compliance permit.

(8) “Lot line, rear” means the lot line opposite and most distant from the front lot line. In the case of a lot pointed at the rear or triangular shaped, the rear lot line is an imaginary line parallel to the front lot line not less than 10 feet long farthest from the lot line and wholly within the lot.

(9) “Lot line, side” means any lot line other than the front lot line or rear lot line. A side lot line separating a lot from a street is a side-street lot line. A side lot line separating a lot from another lot or lots is an interior side lot line.

(10) “Lot width” means the width of a lot measured at the building line and at right angles to its depth where the minimum building line or setback intersects the side lot lines.

(11) “Lot, reversed corner” means a corner lot, the rear of which abuts the side of another lot.

J. “Lumen” means a unit of luminous flux. One foot-candle is one lumen per square foot. For the purpose of this section, the lumen value is the initial lumen output rating of a lamp.

K. “Luminaries” means a complete lighting unit consisting of a light source and all necessary mechanical, electrical, and decorative parts.

L. “Luminaries, cutoff type” means luminaries containing elements such as shields, reflectors, or refractor panels that direct and cutoff a direct view of the light source at a cutoff angle.

13. Words beginning with “M”

A. “Main building” means a building in which is conducted the principal use of the lot upon which it is situated.

B. “Main use” means the principal use to which the premises are devoted.

C. “Manufactured home” means a factory-built dwelling that is manufactured or constructed under the authority of 42 U.S.C. Section 5403, Federal Manufactured Home Construction and Safety Standards. To qualify as a manufactured home under this Zoning Code it must not be constructed with a permanent hitch or other device allowing it to be moved, other than for the purpose of moving to a permanent site, and it must not have permanent wheels or axles. A mobile home constructed to the Federal Manufactured Home Construction and Safety Standards is not a manufactured home unless it has been converted to real property and is taxed as a site-built dwelling as is provided in Chapter 427A of the Code of Iowa. For the purpose of any of these regulations, manufactured homes are the same as a single-family detached dwelling.

D. “Mobile home” means any vehicle without motive power used or so manufactured or constructed as to permit its being used as a conveyance upon the public streets and highways and so designed, constructed, or reconstructed as will permit the vehicle to be used as a place for human habitation by one or more persons; but also includes any such vehicle with motive power not registered as a motor vehicle in the State. A mobile home means any such vehicle built before June 15, 1976, which was not built to a mandatory building code, and which contains no State or federal seals.

E. “Mobile home park” means any area of land where two or more occupied mobile homes are located either free of charge or for revenue purposes. Structures ancillary to mobile homes may be located in a mobile home park.

F. “Mobile home converted to real estate” means a mobile home that meets the provisions of Section 435.26 of the Code of Iowa.

G. “Motel” means any building that provides lodging for transient occupancy and where each unit has convenient access to a parking space for the use by the unit’s occupants.

14. Words beginning with “N”

A. “Net land area” means the total land area minus public and private street rights-of-way.

B. “Nonconforming building” means a building that does not conform to the provisions of this Zoning Code establishing requirements for the district where it is located.

C. “Nonconforming use” means a use that does not conform to the use regulations of the district where it is located.

D. “Nursing home” means an institution that provides nursing or convalescent care for persons unrelated to the licensee. A nursing home is a home for chronic or convalescent patients who do not usually require hospital facilities. A nursing home provides care for persons who need continuing medical and skilled nursing care. For the purpose of this Code, a “nursing home” is also considered a “convalescent home”. To meet the definition of this Code, the institution must be licensed by the State.

15. Words beginning with “O”

A. “Open space” means the land area of a site not covered by buildings, rights-of-way, parking structures, or accessory buildings, except recreational structures, and which is available to the public. “Open Space” does not include school sites and commercial areas.

B. “Operating hours” means the period of time from one hour prior to opening to one hour after closing of a non-residential establishment.

16. Words beginning with “P”

A. “Parking space” means a surfaced area either enclosed or unenclosed, having an area of not less than 180 square feet exclusive of driveways, and not including that area directly in front of a single width garage, permanently reserved for the temporary storage of one vehicle and connected with a street or alley by a surfaced driveway that affords satisfactory ingress and egress for vehicles.

B. “Plan” see Community development plan. (See Section 170.07(3)(B))

C. “Planned area development” means a zoning designation intended to promote innovative, designed developments involving residential and nonresidential land uses, which together form an attractive and harmonious unit of the community. The area may be able to function as an individual community, neighborhood, or mixed-use development that requires flexibility because of unique circumstances or design characteristics. (See Section 166.23)

D. “Planning and Zoning Commission” means appointed by the Council to review and recommend proposed applications for zoning and proposed changes to the ordinance, as well as to review subdivisions. The Commission is also known as the “P and Z” or “Commission”. (See Chapter 23)

E. “Plant materials” means any form of plant vegetation.

F. “Principal use” means the main use of land or structures as distinguished from accessory use. For example, a house is a principal use in a residential area; a garage or pool is an accessory use.

G. “Private” means in reference to a building, structure, utility, facility, or use, “private” means owned by someone other than a unit of government, or an agency of government, unless the context clearly indicates that “private” is being used in a broader sense of something not open or available to the general populace.

H. “Public” means in reference to a building, structure, utility, facility, or use, “public” means owned or operated by a unit of government or an agency thereof, unless the context clearly indicates that “public” is being used in the broader sense of something available to the general populace.

I. “Public information sign” means a directional or informational guide or aid erected by a public agency or by private persons and not intended primarily for advertising.

J. “Public place” means public parks, City right-of-way, or any other public property owned or controlled by the City and dedicated to public use.

K. “Public utility” means a business or service engaged in regularly supplying the public with some commodity or service of public consequence and need.

17. Words beginning with “Q”

18. Words beginning with “R”

A. “Recreational vehicle” means to include bus campers, camper trailers, pickup campers, travel trailers, motor homes, snowmobiles, boats, trailers, and similar vehicles.

19. Words beginning with “S”

A. “Second-class consumer fireworks” means consumer fireworks, as described in American Pyrotechnics Association Standard 87-1, Chapter 3 including the following:

(1) Cone fountains.

(2) Cylindrical fountains.

(3) Flitter fountains.

(4) Ground and handheld sparkling devices, including multiple tube ground and handheld sparkling devices that are manufactured in accordance with American Pyrotechnics Association Standard 87-1 Section 87-1 and Section 3.5.

(5) Ground spinners.

(6) Illuminating torches.

(7) Toy smoke devices that are not classified as novelties pursuant to American Pyrotechnics Association Standard 87-1, Section 3.2.

(8) Wheels.

(9) Wire or dipped sparklers that are not classified as novelties pursuant to American Pyrotechnics Association Standard 87-1, Section 3.2.

(Code of Iowa, Sec. 727.2)

B. “Security hours” means the period of time from one hour after closing to one hour prior to opening of a non-residential establishment.

C. “Self-service storage” means a use that provides separate indoor storage areas for individual or business uses. The indoor storage areas are designed to allow private access by the tenant for storing and removing personal property. The use may include security and leasing offices. Examples include mini-warehouses and mini-storage facilities.

D. “Setback” means the distance required to obtain the front, side, or rear yard open space provisions of this Code. All measurements are taken from the structure’s foundation or from the exterior wall at grade level.

E. “Sexually-oriented businesses” means an establishment, including bookstores, bars, restaurants, movie theaters, and arcades where films are shown, or videotapes, magazines, books, or other printed matters are sold, or live performances take place, that are characterized by an emphasis upon the depiction or exposure of “specified sexual activities” or “specified anatomical areas” as defined below. Massage parlors where services are not administered by a licensed practitioner, chiropractor, acupuncturist, therapist, or similar person licensed by the State are also included in this definition.

(1) Specified Sexual Activities: Patently offensive acts, exhibitions, representations, depictions, or descriptions of:

a. Human genitals in a state of sexual stimulation or arousal;

b. Fondling or other erotic touching of human genitals, pubic region, buttocks or female breast;

c. Intrusion, however slight, actual, or stimulated by an object, any part of an animal’s body or any part of a person’s body into the genital or anal openings of a person’s body;

d. Cunnilingus, fellatio, analingus, masturbation, bestiality, lewd exhibition of genitals or excretory function, actual or simulated;

e. Flagellation, mutilation, or torture, actual or simulated in a sexual context.

(2) Specified anatomical areas: Less than completely and opaquely covered human genital, pubic region, buttocks, and a female breast below a point above the areola; and human male genitals in a discernibly turgid state - even if completely and opaquely covered. (See Chapter 125)

F. “Sign” means any structure, or part thereof, or device attached thereto or painted, or represented thereon, which must display or include any letter, word, model, banner, flag, pennant, insignia, device, or representation intended as an announcement, direction, or advertisement. The definition of “sign” includes the word “billboard” for purposes of this Zoning Code. “Sign also includes any identification, description, illustration, or device illuminated or non-illuminated that is visible from any public place or is located on private property and exposed to the public. A sign directs attention to a referent. A sign includes any emblem, painting, banner, pennant, placard, temporary sign, lights, balloons, or other device designed to attract attention, advertise, identify, or convey information. A sign includes its supporting structures.

G. “Sign, advertising” means a sign that advertises or solicits for a referent that is not located on the premises where such sign is located, or within the building to which the sign is affixed.

H. “Sign, area” means the area of the smallest square or rectangle that encloses the sign face, or if a sign has more than one face, the total area of all faces. Trim, molding, supports, or screening that does not serve to attract attention is not included in the sign area calculation. Peripheral sign elements that serve to attract attention to the sign, such as lights and arrows, intended to focus special attention to the sign, are included in the sign area calculations.

I. “Sign, business” means a sign that directs attention to a commercial use and the sign is located on or in the building where the commercial use is located.

J. “Sign, construction” means any sign identifying individuals or companies involved in a construction project where the sign is placed on the premises while the project is ongoing.

K. “Sign, face” means the surface area of a plane that covers a sign when viewed from one side or direction. When more than one sign is located on the same sign structure or building and is separated by less than five feet, the sign face includes the total surface area of the plane that covers all signs when viewed from a single direction. The total sign face area must not exceed the restrictions for maximum sign size per sign face as presented in Chapter 167.

L. “Sign, flashing” means any illuminated sign where the artificial light or lights are not maintained stationary or constant in intensity and color at all times when such sign is illuminated. A sign that displays the time, temperature, or other written message by intermittent lighting is not a flashing sign; such a sign requires a special use permit.

M. “Sign, ground” means any sign placed upon the ground and not attached to any building.

N. “Sign, illuminated” means a sign where the lighting source is an integral part of the sign.

O. “Sign, indirectly illuminated” means a sign where the source of illumination is outside of the sign, but where the source of illumination indirectly illuminates the sign.

P. “Sign, instructional” means any sign that notifies the public about limitations or regulations of designated uses of certain lands or rights-of-way, and including warning signs, exit signs, traffic signs, and directional signs for parking or parking restrictions.

Q. “Sign, moving” means any sign that revolves, rotates, swings, undulates, or otherwise attracts attention by moving parts, whether operated by mechanical equipment or by natural sources, but not including flags or banners.

R. “Sign, portable” means any sign not permanently attached to the ground, a building, or other permanent structure. Any sign that has wheels will be considered a portable sign, as well as any sign attached to a frame that is not permanently attached to the ground or a building.

S. “Sign, projecting” means any sign that is attached to a building or other structure and extends beyond the line of the building or structure by more than 18 inches.

T. “Sign, roof” means any sign erected, constructed, and maintained upon or over the roof or top of the wall, wall tower, or turret of any building and that is principally supported by the roof.

U. “Sign, structure” means any structure that supports a sign, including a decorative cover.

V. “Sign, temporary” means any sign, banner, pennant, or valance, that is not permanent, constructed of cloth, canvas, lightweight fabric, cardboard, wallboard, or other lightweight materials with or without frames, intended to be displayed for a short period of time only.

W. “Sign, wall” means any sign attached to and supported by the exterior surface of the wall of a building or structure in a place substantially parallel to that of the supporting wall.

X. “Story” means that portion of a building, other than a basement included between the floor and the surface of the floor next above it or, if there is no floor above it, then the space between the floor and the ceiling next above it.

Y. “Story, half” means a partial story under a gable, hip, or gambrel roof, the wall plates of which on at least two opposite exterior walls are not more than three feet above the floor of the story, except that any partial story used for residence purposes, other than for janitor or caretaker and family, or by a family occupying the floor immediately below it, is deemed a full story.

Z. “Street” means public property, not an alley, intended for motor vehicle use. In appropriate context, the term “street” may refer to the right-of-way bounded by the property lines of public property, or it may refer to the paving installed within such right-of-way. AA. “Street, frontage” means the lot line or the length of a lot line that is also the line of any public street right-of-way other than an alley. The street frontage of a lot or parcel that is legally created or described as extending to the center line of a street must be measured along the line that denotes the edge or boundary of the easement established for the street. The street must exist or have been created for street purposes and may be a limited access or controlled access roadway but is not a utility right-of-way, drainage way, park, or railroad, and is not an alley. BB. “Structure” means anything constructed or erected that required a permanent location on the ground, including by way of example the following: billboards, backstops for tennis courts, gazebos, ground-based satellite dishes, and solar collectors.

20. Words beginning with “T”

A. “Temporary exterior lighting” means the specific illumination of an outside area or object by any man-made device that produces light by any means, consistent with the requirement for temporary uses

B. “Travel trailer” or “Motor home” means a vehicle with or without motive power used or so manufactured or constructed as to permit its being used as a conveyance upon the public streets and highways and so designed to permit the vehicle to be used as a place of human habitation by one or more persons. The vehicle may be up to eight feet in width and any length provided its length does not exceed 40 feet. If the vehicle is used as a place of human habitation for more than 90 days in any 18-month period, it is classed as a mobile home, regardless of the size and weight limitation provided herein.

C. “Trailer camp” or “Tourist campground” means an area providing spaces for two or more travel trailers, camping trailers, or tent sites for temporary occupancy, with necessary incidental services, sanitation, and recreation facilities to serve the traveling public.

D. “Trees” means any woody vegetation.

21. Words beginning with “U”

22. Words beginning with “V”

A. “Variance” means a modification of the literal provisions of this Zone Code that would cause undue hardship owing to circumstances unique to the individual property on which the variance is granted. The crucial points of variance are:

(1) Undue hardship,

(2) Unique circumstances, and

(3) Applying to property. The authority to grant variances vests in the Board of Adjustment pursuant to Chapter 414 of the Code of Iowa.

23. Words beginning with “W”

24. Words beginning with “X”

25. Words beginning with “Y”

A. “Yard” means an open space between a building and the adjoining lot lines unoccupied and unobstructed by any portion of a structure. In measuring a yard to determine the width of a side yard, the depth of a front yard, or the depth of the rear yard, use the minimum horizontal distance between the lot lines and the main building line.

(1) “Yard, front” means a front yard extends across the front of a lot and is measured by the minimum horizontal distance between the street or place line and the main building other than uncovered steps. On corner lots, the front yard is parallel to the street upon which the lot has its least dimension, except where owner elects to front his building on a street parallel to the lot line having the greater dimension.

(2) “Yard, rear” means a rear yard extends across the rear of a lot and is the required minimum horizontal distance between the rear lot line and the rear of the main building line other than uncovered steps. In all lots, the rear yard is in the rear of the front yard.

(3) “Yard, side” means a yard between the main building line and the side line of the lot, and extending from the required front yard to the required rear yard, and being the minimum horizontal distance between a side lot line and the side of the main building line or any projections of uncovered steps.

B. “Yard, accessory” means an open space between an accessory building and the adjoining lot lines unoccupied and unobstructed by any portion of a structure. In measuring a yard to determine the width of a side-accessory yard, the depth of a front-accessory yard, or the depth of the rear-accessory yard, use the minimum horizontal distance between the lot lines and the accessory building line.

(1) “Yard, front-accessory” means the area extending across the front of a lot and is measured by the minimum horizontal distance between the street or place line and the accessory building other than uncovered steps. On corner lots, the front-accessory yard is parallel to the street upon which the lot has its least dimension, except where the owner elects to front their building on a street parallel to the lot line having the greater dimension.

(2) “Yard, rear-accessory” means the yard that extends across the rear of a lot and is the required minimum horizontal distance between the rear lot line and the rear of the accessory building line other than uncovered steps. In all lots with accessory buildings, the rear-accessory yard is in the rear of the front-accessory yard.

(3) “Yard, side-accessory” means the yard that is between the accessory building line and the side line of the lot, and extending from the required front-accessory yard to the required rear-accessory yard and being the minimum horizontal distance between a side lot line and the side of the accessory building line or any projections of uncovered steps.

26. Words beginning with “Z”

A. “Zero lot line dwelling” means a single-family dwelling that adjoins another single-family dwelling on an adjacent lot and that shares a common boundary line and a common wall with the adjoining single-family dwelling. Each such dwelling must have separate utility services.

B. “Zoning administrator” means Building Official.